Thông tư 31/2009/TT-BGTVT

THE MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT --------	SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom - Happiness --------------
No. 31/2009/TT-BGTVT	Hanoi , November 19, 2009

 

CIRCULAR

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON EMISSIONS OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS FROM ASSEMBLED, MANUFACTURED AND IMPORTED AUTOMOBILES

Pursuant to the Law on Technical regulations and standards dated June 29, 2006;

Pursuant to the Government's Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 01, 2007 detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Technical regulations and standards;

Pursuant to the Law on Promulgation of legislative documents dated June 03, 2008;

Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No. 24/2009/ND-CP dated March 05, 2009 detailing the implementation of the Law on Promulgation of legislative documents;

Pursuant to the Government's Decree No. 51/2008/ND-CP dated April 22, 2008, defining the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Transport;

The Minister of Transport stipulates the National technical regulation (Hereinafter referred to as ‘the Regulation') on emissions of gaseous pollutants from assembled, manufactured and imported automobiles as follows:

Article 1. The Regulation  on emissions of gaseous pollutants from assembled, manufactured and imported automobiles, code QCVN 05:2009/BGTVT, is enclosed herewith.

Article 2. This Circular takes effect after six months since the date of promulgation.

Examinations according to annual assessments as prescribed in Clause 3.7.2, Article 3.7, Section 3 hereof to re-confirm effect of the certificate shall be in force after two years since the effective date of this Circular.

Article 3. Chief of the Ministry Office, chief inspectors of the ministries, general directors of departments, agencies, heads of relevant agencies, organizations and individuals shall be responsible for executing this Circular.

 

MINISTER Ho Nghia Dung

 

QCVN 05 : 2009/BGTVT

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION EMISSIONS OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS FROM ASSEMBLED, MANUFACTURED AND IMPORTED AUTOMOBILES

Preface

QCVN 05 : 2009/BGTVT is compiled by the Vietnam Register, submitted for approval by the Department of Environment and promulgated by the Ministry of Transport according to the Circular No. 31/2009/TT-BGTVT.

This Regulation is compiled on the basis of current Vietnam Standards such as TCVN 6785, TCVN 6567, TCVN 6565 and technical regulations ECE 83, ECE 49 and ECE 24.

 

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON EMISSIONS OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS FROM ASSEMBLED, MANUFACTURED AND IMPORTED AUTOMOBILES

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Governing scope

This Regulation stipulates gaseous pollutants limits, tests and testing methods, requirements for management and implementation of gaseous pollutants tests in the inspection of technical safety, quality and environmental protection for assembled, manufactured and imported automobiles.

This Regulation shall be applicable to automobiles from four wheels and more, classified into light, heavy duty vehicles, vehicles of M and N categories as interpreted in Clauses 1.3.1, 1.3.2 and 1.3.3.

Three-wheel vehicles with unladen mass over 400 kg (automobiles according to TCVN 6211) shall be inspected of emissions of gaseous pollutants according to QCVN 04: 2009/BGTVT (technical regulation on emissions of gaseous pollutants from assembled, manufactured and imported motorcycles, mopeds.

This Regulation shall be not applicable to types of automobiles designed for traveling on non-road terrains.

1.2. Regulated entities

This Regulations applies to agencies, organizations and individuals involved in activities of assembly, manufacture and importation of automobiles.

From Article 1.3 on, the term ‘automobile’ shall be construed as ‘vehicle’.

1.3. Interpretation of terms

Some terms in this Regulation shall be construed as follows:

1.3.1. Light duty vehicles: Vehicles with maximum mass from 3,500 kg and below and with at least four wheels:

1.3.2. Heavy duty vehicles: Vehicles with maximum mass over 3,500 kg and with at least four wheels;

1.3.3. M vehicles: Vehicles used for carrying persons with at least four wheels including types M1 - M3 as follows:

a) M1: Vehicles used for carrying from 9 persons and under including driver.

b) M2: Vehicles used for carrying more than 9 persons including driver with maximum mass from 5,000 kg and under.

c) M3: Vehicles used for carrying more than 9 persons including driver with maximum mass greater than 5,000 kg.

1.3.4. N vehicles: Vehicles used for carrying passengers with at least four wheels including types N1 - N3 as follows:

a) N1: Vehicles used for carrying cargo with maximum gross mass from 3,500 kg and under.

b) N2: Vehicles used for carrying cargo with maximum gross mass ranging from over 3,500 kg to 12,000 kg.

c) N3: Vehicles used for carrying cargo with maximum mass greater than 12,000 kg.

1.3.5. Fuel requirement by engines: Normally used fuel includes:

- Lead-free petrol, diesel.

- LPG and natural gas (NG) This case also includes use of petrol for starting engines in case of emergency from a petrol tank from 15 liters and under. In this special, such vehicles are called mono-fuel vehicles.

- Lead-free petrol and LPG (1), lead-free petrol and NG (2). In this case, in periods, vehicles may run on petrol or LPG (1) separately or on petrol or NG (2) separately; and in this case, such vehicles are called bi-fuel vehicles.

- Ethanol

1.3.6. Vehicle types:

a) Light duty vehicles:

- Equivalent inertia is determined according to reference mass (see definition in 1.3.8);

- Characteristics of vehicles and engines are determined in Annex 1 enclosed herewith;

b) Heavy duty vehicles: Characteristics of vehicles and engines are determined in Annex 3 enclosed herewith;

1.3.7 Unladen mass: Unladen mass refers to the weight of a vehicle without passengers and cargo except fuel being added up to 90% of the tank capacity, lubricating oil, attached repair tools and spare tires (if any);

1.3.8. Reference mass – Rm: Reference mass equals to unladen mass of a vehicle plus 100 kg for exhaust tests as prescribed in Annex D, TCVN 6785.

1.3.9. Maximum mass ⁽¹⁾ is the maximum technically allowable weight of a vehicle specified by the manufacturer (this weight may be greater than the maximum weight specified by competent state agencies);

Notes: ⁽¹⁾ This term is also called maximum design total mass and interpreted in TCVN 6529 (ISO 1176).

1.3.10. Gaseous pollutants  Gaseous pollutants include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (NOx) usually expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and hydrocarbon (HC) with hypothetical chemical formula:

- Petrol: C₁H_1,85

- Diesel: C₁H_1,86

- LPG: C₁H_2,525 or  C₁H_2,61 for heavy duty vehicle engines

- NG: CH₄ or  C₁H_3,76 for heavy duty vehicle engines

1.3.11. Particulate pollutants

Particulate pollutants are composition from gaseous pollutants diluted by filters at a maximum temperature of 520C.

<}0{>1.3.12. Smoke

1.3.13. Tail emissions:

- For positive ignition engines: gaseous pollutants (herein ‘gas’).

- For compression ignition engines: Smoke, gas and particulate pollutants (herein ‘particulate matter’, coded as PM).

1.3.14. Evaporative emissions are hydrocarbons, other than tail emissions, escaping from the vehicle's fuel system (herein 'fuel vapors') in two forms as follows:

- Tank breathing losses: Hydrocarbons escape from the fuel tank due to change of temperature inside it (hypothetical chemical formula is C₁H_2,33);

- Hot soak losses: Hydrocarbons escape from the vehicle’s fuel system after traveling for some time (hypothetical chemical formula is C₁H_2,20);

1.3.15 Engine crankcase

1.3.16. Cold start device: A device that temporarily enriches the mixture of air and fuel to facilitate starting the engine.

1.3.17. Starting aid A device that helps start the engine without enrichment of the mixture of air and fuel;

1.3.18 Engine capacity

- For reciprocating pistons: nominal capacity

- For wankel pistons: Volume is twice nominal capacity of the engine.

1.3.19. Pollution control device: Devices that control or limit tail emissions and fuel vapors.

1.3.20. Type I test: Tests for examination of average amount of tail emissions after a cold start;

1.3.21. Type II test: Tests for examination of concentration of CO at idling engine speed;

1.3.22. Type III test: Tests for gaseous pollutants from engine crankcase;

1.3.23. Type IV test: Tests for fuel vapors;

1.3.24. Engine type: An engine type that includes engines having the same characteristics as prescribed in Annex 3 enclosed herewith;

1.3.25. Compression ignition engine Engines that work according to compression ignition principles (herein ‘C.I engine) (Ex: Diesel engines);

1.3.26. Gas engines: Engines that run on NG or LPG.

1.3.27. Net power: Power at the end of crankshaft measured on a test bench (kW) by measuring methods as prescribed in Annex K, TCVN 6565:2006 or ECE 85;

1.3.28. Rated speed: Maximum speed under full load controlled by a governor as specified by the manufacturer. For cases without a governor, such speed shall be in proportion to maximum power of the engine as specified by the manufacturer;

1.3.29. Percent load: Percentage between net torque and maximum net torque at a specified speed of the engine;

1.3.30. Intermediate speed: Intermediate speed refers to maximum torque speed and ranges between 60 and 75 percent of rated speed; in other cases it is equal to 60% of rated speed.

1.3.31. Declared maximum power: Maximum power calculated in kilowatt (net power) as declared by the manufacturer in technical materials.

1.3.32. Maximum torque speed: Maximum torque speed is the speed at which torque of the engine reaches maximum value as specified by the manufacturer.

2. TECHNICAL REGULATIONS

This Section stipulates exhaust limits and relevant technical requirements for other vehicles according to three national standards TCVN 6785, TCVN 6567 and TCVN 6565 as below.

2.1. Vehicles subject to TCVN 6785

Vehicles subject to this Standard includes vehicles that are installed with positive ignition engines, compression ignition engines as classified in Article 1.3 above; vehicles running on a separate fuel type or in combination with other fuel types; mostly light duty vehicles.

Tests applied in this Standard for types of vehicles above shall be detailed in Clauses 3.3.1., 3,3.2., Article 3.1., Section 3 of this Standard.

2.1.1. Exhaust limits

a) In case of examination of gaseous pollutants using type I test as prescribed in Point a, Clause 3.3.2, Article 3.3, Section 3 of this Standard, the average amount of CO, HC +NOx from positive ignition engines (running on petrol, LPG or NG), CO, HC + NOx and PM from compression ignition engines running on diesel should be smaller than limit value of each gas specified in Table 1, 2 below.

b) In case of examination of gaseous pollutants using Type II test as prescribed in Point b, Clause 3.3.2, Article 3.3, Section 3 of this Standard, the concentration of CO from gaseous pollutants shall not exceed 3.5% in setting conditions specified by the manufacturer and not exceed 4.5% in setting ranges prescribed in Annex 5, TCVN 6785.se

Table 1. Emission limits (positive ignition engines) – EURO 2 Standard

Car type			Reference mass (kg)	Exhaust emission limits
A. Passenger vehicles	No more than six passengers including driver			CO	HC + NOx
	Maximum gross mass no more than 2,500 kg		All	2.2	0.5
B. Passenger vehicles, cargo vehicles other than Group A		Group I	Rm ≤ 1250	2.2	0.5
		Group II	1250 < rm="" ≤="">	4.0	0.6
		Group III	1700 <>	5.0	0.7

Table 2. Emission limit (diesel) – EURO 2 Standard

Car type			Reference mass (kg)	Exhaust emission limits (g/km)
A. Passenger vehicles	No more than six passengers including driver			CO	HC + NOx	PM
	Maximum gross mass no more than 2,500 kg		All	1.0	0.7	0.08
B. Passenger vehicles, cargo vehicles that do not belong to Group A		Group I	Rm ≤ 1250	1.0	0.7	0.08
		Group II	1250 < rm="" ≤="">	1.25	1.0	0.12
		Group III	1700 <>	1.5	1.2	0.17

c) In case of examination of gaseous pollutants using Type III test as prescribed in Point C, Clause 3.3.2, Article 3.3, Section of this Standard, the crankcase ventilation system shall not allow any gas to escape from the crankcase to the air.

d) In case of examination of gaseous pollutants using Test IV test as prescribed in Point d, Clause 3.3.2, Article 3.3, Section 3 of this Standard, amount of fuel vapors must be smaller than 2g/test.

2.1.2. Other requirements

Apart from requirements for emission limits above, the vehicles that are subject to TCVN 6785 shall meet requirements concerning tail emissions and fuel vapors as prescribed in Clauses 6.1.1, 6.1.3, Article 6.1, Section 6,. TCVN 6785.

2.2. Vehicles subject to TCVN 6567

Vehicles subject to this Standard includes vehicles that are installed with compression ignition engines, compression ignition engines as classified in Article 1.3 above; mostly heavy duty vehicles.

Tests applied in this Standard for types of vehicles above shall be detailed in Clauses 3.3.1., 3,3.2., Article 3.1., Section 3 of this Standard.

2.2.1. In case of examination of gaseous pollutants using the test as prescribed in Point f, Clause 3.3.2, Article 3.3, Section of this Standard, the average amount of CO, HC, NOx and PM should not be greater than corresponding limit value as prescribed in Table 3 below.

Table 3. Emission limit – EURO 2 Standard

CO	HC	NOx	PM(1)
4,0	1,1	7,0	0,15
Notes: 1) Requirements for PM are not applicable to LPG or NG-run positive ignition engines, non-diesel compression ignition engines.

2.2.2. The manufacturer must ensure that engine installation during manufacture does not increase value of charge pressure, exhaust back pressure and power absorbed by the engine-driven equipment as specified in the essential characteristics prescribed in Annex 3 of this Standard.

2.3. Vehicles subject to TCVN 6565

All the vehicles installed with compression ignition engines shall be subject to opacity test as follows in addition to TCVN 6785 or TCVN 6567 as prescribed:

2.3.1. In case engine is tested separately:

a) In case of examination of light absorption coefficient of exhaust emissions (characteristics of opacity) using the test as specified in Point e, Clause 3.3.2., Article 3.3, Section 3 of this Standard, measurement results of light absorption coefficient shall not be greater than limit values as prescribed in Table 4 below.

Table 4. Limit value of light absorption coefficient test at steady speed

Flow of rated gas (G) (l/s)	Light absorption coefficient (K) (m-1)
42	2.26
45	2.19
50	2.08
55	1.985
60	1.90
65	1.84
70	1.775
75	1.72
80	1.665
85	1.62
90	1.575
95	1.535
100	1.495
105	1.465
110	1.425
115	1.395
120	1.37
125	1.345
130	1.32
135	1.30
140	1.27
145	1.25
150	1.225
155	1.205
160	1.19
165	1.17
170	1.155
175	1.14
180	1.125
185	1.11
190	1.095
195	1.08
200	1.065
Notes: 1. Although the values above are round up to 0.01 or 0.005, such accurate measurement results are not required; 2. Determination of flow of rate gas is specified in Annex C, TCVN 6565.

b) Apart from the requirements above, the manufacturer shall ensure that their car products meet requirements of Articles 1.4, 4.2, 4.3 in Part I and requirements for installation of engines with opacity tested on vehicles during manufacture, assembly as specified in Part II of TCVN 6565.

2.3.2. In case test is carried out on vehicles:

In case of examination of light absorption coefficient of gaseous pollutants from vehicles running on test bench using the test as specified in Point e, Clause 3.3.2, Article 3.3, Section 3 of this Standard, such vehicles should be compliant with the requirements specified in Article 12, Part III of TCVN 6565.

3. REGULATIONS ON MANAGEMENT

3.1. Methods of examining, testing gaseous pollutants from assembled, manufactured and imported automobiles

Assembled, manufactured and imported automobiles shall be subject to exhaust test according to applicable regulations of the Ministry of Transport on examination of technical safety and quality and environmental protection for assembled, manufactured and imported vehicles.

3.2. Technical materials and test samples

For vehicles subject to exhaust test, the manufacturer or importer shall provide technical materials and test samples as follows:

3.2.1. Essential characteristics of vehicles and engines according to following regulations:

a) For vehicles subject to TCVN 6785: (See Annex 1). In case of positive ignition engined vehicles, specify applicable requirements in Section 6.1.2.1 or 6.1.2.2.,  TCVN 6785; In the latter case, a drawing of symbol shall be accompanied.

b) For vehicles subject to TCVN 6567: (See Annex 3).

c) For vehicles or engines subject to TCVN 6565: (See Annex 5)

3.2.2. Tests

a) For vehicles subject to TCVN 6785: Quantity and requirements for sample vehicle representative of vehicle type or batch for inspection as prescribed in Article 3.1. above are stipulated in TCVN 6785 and applicable regulations of the Ministry of Transport.

b) For vehicles subject to TCVN 6567: Quantity and requirements for sample engine representative of engine type or batch for inspection as prescribed in Article 3.1. above are stipulated in TCVN 6567 and applicable regulations of the Ministry of Transport.

c) For vehicles or engines subject to TCVN 6565 for opacity test: Quantity and requirements for sample vehicle or engine representative of type or batch for inspection as prescribed in Article 3.1 are stipulated in TCVN 6565 and applicable regulations of the Ministry of Transport. Vehicle or engine samples representative of compression ignition engined vehicles may be used jointly for inspection according to this Standard together with TCVN 6785 or TCVN 6567 accordingly.

d) For exhaust and opacity tests on engine samples, at the request of the test facility, the manufacturer or importer shall be responsible for providing accessories and materials required for the installation of sample engines on the test equipment to ensure the tests are in accordance with requirements of TCVN 6567, TCVN 6565 and technical characteristics of the engine.

3.3. Tests

To assess exhaust test results for vehicle types according to emission limits as prescribed in Section 2, such vehicles and engines should be tested according to following tests:ạng nhẹ

Note that bi-fuel, mono-fuel vehicles are vehicles running on fuel types as prescribed in Clause 1.3.5, Article 1.3, Section 1 of this Regulation.

3.3.1. Application of tests

a) Positive ignition engined vehicles

- Light duty vehicles

Light duty vehicles include M1, M2 type vehicles with maximum gross vehicle mass no greater than 3,500 kg and N1 type vehicles.

+ For petrol, bi-fuel vehicles: Apply type I, III, IV tests (TCVN 6785), specified in Points a, c, and d, Clause 3.3.2.

+ For LPG or NG vehicles, mono-fuel vehicles: Apply type I, III tests (TCVN 6785) as specified in Points a, c, Clause 3.3.2. Particularly for M2 vehicles (LPG or NG vehicles), Type I test (TCVN 6567) as specified in Point f, Clause 3.3.2  may be used as alternative without examination of PM.

- Heavy duty vehicles

Heavy duty vehicles include M1, M2 types with maximum gross vehicle mass no greater than 3,500 kg and N2, M3 and N3 types.

+ For petrol, bi-fuel vehicles: Apply type II, III tests (TCVN 6785) as specified in Points b, c, Clause 3.3.2.

+ For mono-fuel vehicles: Apply type II, III tests (TCVN 6785) as specified in Points b, c, Clause 3.3.2 or Type I test (TCVN 6567) as specified in Point f, Clause 3.3.2 as alternative without examination of PM.

+ LPG or NG vehicles: Apply type I test (TCVN 6567) specified in Point f, Clause 3.3.2 without examination of PM.

b) Compression ignition engined vehicles

- Light duty vehicles (except M2 and N2)

+ For M1 vehicles (no greater than 3,500 kg): Apply type I test (TCVN 6785) as specified in Point a, Clause 3.3.2., and test opacity according to TCVN 6565 specified in Point e, Clause 3.3.2;

+ For N1 vehicles: Apply Type I test (TCVN 6785) specified in Point a or Type I test (TCVN 6567) specified in Point f, Clause 3.3.2 and test opacity according to TCVN 6565 specified in Point e, Clause 3.3.2.

- Heavy duty vehicles (except M2 and N2)

+ Apply type I test (TCVN 6567) as specified in Point f, Clause 3.3.2 without examination of PM in case of non-diesel vehicles and test opacity according to TCVN 6565 specified in Point e, Clause 3.3.2;

- M2, N2 vehicles:

For diesel, athanol fuel vehicles: Apply type I test (TCVN 6567) as specified in Point f, Clause 3.3.2 without examination of PM for non-diesel vehicles and test opacity according to TCVN 6565 specified in Point e, Clause 3.3.2;

- Particularly for M2, N2 vehicles (running on diesel) with reference mass no greater than 2,840 kg:

If these vehicles are compliant with requirements specified in Article 3.6 of the Regulation on Extension of acknowledgement of exhaust test results as proposed by the manufacturer, results from type I test (TCVN 6785) for M1 or N1 vehicles (diesel) may be used as alternative to type I test (TCVN 6567).

- LPG or NG vehicles should be tested with change made to composition of LPG or NG as prescribed in Annex L, TCVN 6785. Bi-fuel vehicles should be tested with both fuel types with change made to composition of LPG or NG as prescribed in Annex L. However, for mono-fuel vehicles, only type I test using gaseous fuel shall be applicable.

Regulations on application of tests on vehicle types above are summarized in Table 5 below (in case of any discrepancy between this Table and provisions set out in Points a, b, such provisions shall prevail).

Table 5. Regulations on application of tests according to standards corresponding to vehicle type

		Standards and tests
					TCVN 6785 (ECE 83)				TCVN 6567 (ECE 49)	TCVN 6565 (ECE 24)
					I	II	III	IV	I
Positive ignition engined vehicles	Light duty vehicles (M1 and M2 ≤ 3,500 kg, N1)	Petrol			x	-	x	x	-	-
		Bi-fuel			x	-	x	x	-	-
		Mono-fuel			x	-	x	-	-	-
		LPG or NG		M1, N1	x	-	x	-	-	-
				M2 (1)	x	-	x	-	X (replacement)	-
	Heavy duty vehicles (M1 and M2 > 3,500 kg, M3, N2, N3)	Petrol			-	x	x	-	-	-
		Bi-fuel			-	x	x	-	-	-
		Mono-fuel(2)			-	x	x	-	X (replacement)	-
		LPG or NG			-	-	-	-	x	-
Compression ignition engined vehicles (except petrol vehicles if any)		Light duty vehicles	M1 ≤ 3,500 kg		x	-	-	-	-	x
			N1(3)		x	-	-	-	x (replacement)	x
		Heavy duty vehicles	M1 ≤ 3,500 kg		-	-	-	-	x	x
			M3, N3		-	-	-	-	x	x
		M2, N2(4)			-	-	-	-	x	x
Notes: (1) May apply TCVN 6567 for Type I test or TCVN 6785 for other tests. (2) May apply TCVN 6567 for Type I test or TCVN 6785 for type II, III tests. (3) For N1, diesel vehicles, Type I test (TCVN 6567 or TCVN 6785) shall be applicable. (4) Particularly for M2, N2, diesel vehicles with reference mass ≤ 2,840 kg and meeting requirements for extension of acknowledgement of test results as prescribed in Article 3.6 of this Regulation, type I test (TCVN 6785) on corresponding M1, N1 vehicles shall be applicable.

3.3.2. Regulations on performance of tests

a) Type I test (TCVN 6785):

- Methods and requirements for characteristics of fuel for performance of tests are instructed in Annex 7 hereof. Methods of sampling and analyzing gases and particles should be used according to regulations.

- Vehicles shall be placed on a test bench installed with inertia and load simulator;

- A test shall last uninterrupted for 19 minutes 40 seconds, divided into parts I and II.

- For convenience of making correction to the test equipment with consent of the manufacturer, run a vehicle on a test bench for a maximum of 20 seconds at the interval between part I and part II.

- Part I of the test includes 4 basic cycles. Each test cycle includes 15 phases (off-load run, accelerated speed, steady speed, decelerated speed...).

- Part II includes a supporting test cycle. This supporting test cycle includes 13 phases (off-load run, accelerated speed, steady speed, decelerated speed...).

- During tests, exhaust gases should be diluted and part of the gas sample is directed to one or several bags. Gases and PM of the tested vehicle should be diluted, sampled and analyzed according to test method below. Total volume of exhaust gas to be diluted should be measured. Not only CO, HC and NOx but also PM of the compression ignition engined vehicles shall be recorded.

- Tests shall be performed for three times. Result from each test shall be determined by multiplying measured value by deterioration factor as specified in Table 6. Amount of gases and PM (compression ignition engined vehicles) collected from each test shall be smaller than limit value as specified in Table 1 or Table 2 of Section 2 corresponding to each vehicle. However, for each type of gas or PM, one of the three measured results may be greater but not exceed 10 percent of prescribed limit of each gas and PM as specified in Table 1 or 2, Section 2 hereof on the condition that mean value of the three results should be smaller than such limits.

Table 6 – Deterioration factor

Engine type	Deterioration factor
	CO	HC	NOx	HC + NOx	PM
Positive ignition	1.2	1.2	1.2	-	-
Compression ignition	1.1	-	1.0	1.0	1.2

- Number of tests as prescribed above shall be reduced in following conditions:

+ To one test if all gases and PM have V1 ≤ 0.70 L;

+ To two tests if V1 fails to meet the condition above but meets following requirements: V1 ≤ 0.85 L, V1 + V2 ≤ 1.70 L and V2 ≤ L, where:

V1: first test result, V2: second test result and L: limit value of each gas and PM.

- Type I test-based measurement of gaseous pollutants from one to three times is specified in Annex hereof.

b) Type II test, TCVN 6785

- This test type is only applicable to heavy duty positive ignition engined vehicles to which type I test (TCVN 6785) is not applicable.

- Methods and requirements for characteristics of fuel for performance of tests are instructed in Annex 7 hereof.

- Vehicles that can run either petrol or LPG, petrol or NG should be tested with both types of fuel.

- However, vehicles that are able to run on either petrol or gas in which petrol is used just in case of emergency or for starting engine with tank capacity from 15 liters and under shall be tested with gaseous fuel through type II test only.

- Exhaust test results from these tests should meet regulations on CO concentration as specified in Point b, Clause 2.1.1, Article 2.1., Section 2 hereof.

c) Type III test (TCVN 6785)

- This test is applicable to all positive ignition engined vehicles including petrol, bi-fuel and mono-fuel vehicles.

- Methods and requirements for characteristics of fuel for performance of tests are instructed in Annex 7 hereof.

- Bi-fuel vehicles shall be tested with petrol.

- Mono-fuel vehicles shall be tested with gaseous fuel through type III test.

- Test results from these tests should meet regulations of Point c, Clause 2.1.1, Article 2.1, Section 2 hereof.

d) Type IV test (TCVN 6785)

- This test is applicable to all positive ignition engined vehicles including petrol, bi-fuel vehicles.

- Methods and requirements for characteristics of fuel for performance of tests are instructed in Annex 7 hereof.

- Bi-fuel vehicles shall be tested with petrol.

- Test results from these tests should meet regulations of Point d, Clause 2.1.1, Article 2.1, Section 2 hereof.

e) Opacity test according to TCVN 6565

Opacity test shall be carried out as follows:

- Tests shall be carried out on sample vehicles or engines as prescribed in Clause 3.2.2, Article 3.2, Section 2 hereof.

- Methods and requirements for characteristics of fuel for performance of tests are instructed in Annex 7 hereof.

- Test results from these tests should meet regulations of Article 2.3, Section 2 hereof.

f) Type I test (TCVN 6567)

- Tests of tail emissions for assessment of exhaust emission limits are instructed in Clause 2.2.1, Article 2.2, Section 2 hereof.

- Methods and requirements for characteristics of fuel for performance of tests are instructed in Annex 7 hereof.

- Test results from these tests should meet regulations of Clause 2.2.1, Article 2.2, Section 2 hereof.

3.4. Test reports

Test facility shall formulate a test report including at least provisions in Annexes 2, 4 and 6 hereof corresponding to individual type tests and applicable standards.

3.5. Modifications to vehicles/engines in accordance with tested sample vehicle/engine

The manufacturer shall make the report to the certificate issuing agency of modifications made to the vehicles/engines in accordance with tested vehicle/engine samples. This agency shall review and assess the modifications as follows:

3.1.1. The modifications shall be accepted if they are not considerable and modified vehicles/engines remain compliant with requirements of exhaust emissions as prescribed hereof.

3.5.2. If the modifications have negative impacts of exhaust emissions, the test facility that performed exhaust tests on vehicle/engine sample shall be required to perform tests on the modified vehicle/engine and submit reports.

3.5.3. Based on test results above, the certificate issuing agency shall decide if the modifications are accepted. If accepted, the modifications shall be noted in the decision.

3.6. Extension of acknowledgement of exhaust test results

Extension of acknowledgement of test results shall be applicable to vehicles that have undergone exhaust tests according to TCVN 6785 and vehicles that have undergone opacity tests according to TCVN 6565.

3.6.1. Cars subject to TCVN 6785

Exhaust test results of vehicles granted type approval (hereinafter referred to as ‘vehicles of type approval’) may be acknowledged as test results of a vehicle with essential characteristics as prescribed in Annex 1 hereof which are different from essential characteristics of vehicles of type approval as follows::

- Differ only in vehicle types as specified in Section 1.3, Annex 1; or

- Differ in vehicle types and characteristics according to specific cases as prescribed in Clauses 3.6.1.1 and 3.6.1.2 below.

3.6.1.1. For type I, II tests

a) Case 1

- Vehicles with Rm that is different from that of vehicles of type approval but inertia belongs to either of the two adjacent inertia classes which is higher or belongs to any inertia class which is lower than Table 7 below.

- For M1 and M2 vehicles carrying more than six persons including driver or with maximum gross mass greater than 2,500 kg: If equivalent inertia mass by Rm of a flywheel is lower than that of vehicles of type approval, and test results of gases and PM from vehicles of type approval do not exceed exhaust limits of vehicle types under consideration for acknowledgement of this result.

b) Case 2

- For drive ratio (s) used in type I test, E as calculated in following formula should not be greater than 8%:

Where:

v₁ – speed of vehicles of type approval when engine speed is 1,000r/min;

v₂ – speed of vehicles under consideration when engine speed is 1,000r/min;

Table 7. Rm and equivalent inertial mass of vehicles

Reference mass (Rm)	Equivalent inertial mass (kg)
	Inertia class	Inertial mass
Rm ≤ 480	1	455
480 < rm="" ≤="">	2	510
540 < rm="" ≤="">	3	570
595 < rm="" ≤="">	4	625
650 < rm="" ≤="">	5	680
710 < rm="" ≤="">	6	740
765 < rm="" ≤="">	7	800
850 < rm="" ≤="">	8	910
965 < rm="" ≤="">,080	9	1,020
1,080 < rm="" ≤="">	10	1,130
1,190 < rm="" ≤="">,305	11	1,250
1,305 < rm="" ≤="">,420	12	1,360
1,420 < rm="" ≤="">,530	13	1,470
1,530 < rm="" ≤="">,640	14	1,590
1,640 < rm="" ≤="">,760	15	1,700
1,760 < rm="" ≤="">,870	16	1,810
1,870 < rm="" ≤="">,980	17	1,930
1,980 < rm="" ≤="">,100	18	2,040
2,100 < rm="" ≤="">,210	19	2,150
2,210 < rm="" ≤="">,380	20	2,270
2,380 < rm="" ≤="">,610	21	2,270
2,610 <>	22	2,270

- If E from at least one drive ratio and simultaneously from all drive ratios is greater than 8% and 13% respectively, type I test is still repeated. However, this test may be carried out at any test facility approved by the certificate issuing agency. Test results should be compliant with regulations of Clause 2.1.1, Article 2.1., Section 2 hereof. This test report shall be also delivered to the test facility that conducts tests on sample of vehicles of type approval.

c) Case 3:

Vehicles with different Rm and drive ratios but meeting all the requirements of both cases above.

3.6.1.2. For type IV test

- Basic principles of quantifying air/fuel should be the same (e.g. single point fuel injection, carburetor).

- Shapes and materials of fuel tanks and fuel hoses should be the same. Cross-section and length of fuel hoses should be the same. The test facility shall be responsible for conducting exhaust tests to decide if different vapor-liquid separators can be accepted.

- Tolerance of fuel tank volume should lie within the range ± 10%. Fuel tank safety valve settings should be the same.

- Method of storing fuel vapors should be the same (e.g. shape and volume of trap, medium for storing fuel vapors, air cleaning device).

- Tolerance in volume of fuel in carburetor float chamber should lie within the range ± 10 ml.

- Method of drying condensed vapors should be the same.

- Methods of closing and ventilating carburetor should be the same.

However, following cases are permissible:

(1) Different engine size;

(2) Different engine capacity.

(3) Automatic and mechanical gear box, type 2 transmission and four wheel drives.

(4) Different vehicle chassis

(5) Different tyre size

3.6.2. For cars or engines subject to TCVN 6565

Article 5 or 9 or 13 as set out in TCVN 6565 corresponding to specific cases shall be applicable.

3.7. Examination and monitoring of exhaust emissions from mass-produced vehicles, engine

3.7.1. Assembled and manufactured vehicles that have been granted exhaust certificates under this Regulation shall also meet exhaust limits as specified in Section 2 and the tests specified in Article 3.3., Section 3 hereof.

3.7.2. Inspection as prescribed in Clause 3.7.1 shall be carried out unexpectedly or on the basis of annual assessment by the certificate issuing agency. This inspection shall not be applicable to individually produced vehicles.

3.7.3. Inspection shall be based on certification documentation and involve performance of corresponding tests as specified in Clause 3.7.2 on a vehicle (in case of application of TCVN 6785) or engine (in case of application of TCVN 6567 or part I thereof) from the mass of such vehicles or engines. Exhaust test results shall meet requirements of exhaust limits specified in Section 2; particularly for opacity tests according to TCVN 6565, Article 6 or 10 or 4 in TCVN 6565 shall be applicable to specific cases.

3.7.4. If such test results fail to meet the requirements of Clause 3.7.3, the manufacturer may propose repeated test of other vehicles or engines taken from the mass.

a) For vehicles or engines subject to TCVN 6785 or TCVN 6567: The number of vehicles or engines to be tested (n) shall be decided by the manufacturer; the vehicle or engine specified in Clause 3.7.3 should be among this number. Mean value of test results of each exhaust gas from above vehicles or engines and standard deviation (see the formula below) should be determined. The mass of such vehicles or engines shall be considered as compliant with this Regulation if following requirements are met:

Where:

L: Limit value of each gas, particulate matter and smoke taken into account;

 Mean value of the test results of each gas from the sample vehicles (n);

Standard deviation , x_i : test result from sample vehicle i. k: weighing factor that is subject to n given in Table 8 below:

Table 8. Weighing factor k

n	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
k	0.973	0.613	0.489	0.421	0.376	0.342	0.317	0.296	0.279
n	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19
k	0.265	0.253	0.242	0.233	0.224	0.216	0.210	0.203	0.198

If n≥ 20:

b) For cars subject to TCVN 6565 for opacity test: Article 6 or 10 or 14 as set out in TCVN 6565 corresponding to specific cases shall be applicable.

4. IMPLEMENTATION

4.1. The Vietnam Register shall be responsible for developing and instructing the implementation of this Regulation in the inspection of technical quality, safety and environmental protection for assembled, manufactured and imported automobiles. Any difficulties arising out of this Regulation during the implementation should be reported by the Vietnam Register to the Ministry of Transport for consideration and handling.

4.2. Any supplements, amendments made to this Regulation shall prevail over other former ones.

 

ANNEX 7

EXHAUST EMISSION TEST METHODS AND FUEL

1. Tests according TCVN 6785

1.1. Type I test

Methods used in this test including test cycles, vehicles to be tested, testing facilities, test preparations, tests performed on test bench, process of sampling and analyzing exhaust gases, calculation and determination of amount of exhaust gases and particulate matters are stipulated in Annex D, TCVN 6785.

The manufacturer may put the vehicle sample into operation for 3,000 km before testing but must ensure its technical conditions are good for test.

1.2. Type II test

Methods used in this test are stipulated in Annex E, TCVN 6785.

1.3. Type III test

Methods used in this test are stipulated in Annex F, TCVN 6785.

1.4. Type IV test

Methods used in this test are stipulated in Annex G, TCVN 6785.

1.5. Emission test fuels (fuel used to test emissions)

Fuel used to test exhaust emissions is the type that is popular for motor vehicles according to applicable regulations. Particularly for petrol, only RON 95 is accepted. If agreed between the manufacturer (or importer) and the test facility, standard fuel or type of similar characteristics as stipulated in Annex J, TCVN 6785 may be used to test emissions.

2. Tests according TCVN 6567

2.1. Test methods: The method used in this test includes testing conditions, test cycles, test result assessment as stipulated in Annex D, TCVN 6567.

2.2. Emission test fuels

2.2.1. For diesel and NG engines:

Fuel used to test emissions is the type that is popular for motor vehicles according to applicable regulations. If agreed between the manufacturer (or importer) and the test facility, standard fuel or type of similar characteristics as stipulated in Annex E (diesel engine), Annex F (NG engine), TCVN 6567 may be used to test emissions.

2.2.2. For LPG engine: Fuel should be of commercial quality. Volumetric mass density and heating value should be determined and recorded in the test report.

3. Opacity tests according to TCVN 6565

3.1. Methods used in opacity tests at steady speed, free acceleration including engine capacity should be compliant with TCVN 6565 for compression ignition engines and compression ignition engined vehicles.

3.2. Fuel used to test opacity is the type that is popular for motor vehicles according to applicable regulations. If agreed between the manufacturer (or importer) and the test facility, standard fuel or type of similar characteristics as stipulated in Annex E, TCVN 6565 may be used to test opacity.

 

ANNEX 8

PROCESS OF MEASURING EXHAUST EMISSIONS (TYPE I TEST - TCVN 6785) (ECE 83, 70/220/EEC)