Quyết định 26/2004/QD-BXD

DECISION

ON THE ISSUANCE OF TCXDVN 323 : 2004 “HIGH-RISE APARTMENT BUILDINGS – DESIGN STANDARDS

THE MINISTER OF CONSTRUCTION

- Pursuant to Decree No 36/2003/NĐ-CP dated 4 April 2003 by the Government stipulating functions, duties, authorities and mechanism of the Ministry of Construction.

- Pursuant to the Minutes dated 23 March 2004 by the Council of Science – Technique assigned to review the drafted "High-rise Apartment Buildings – Design Standards”

- In consideration of the proposal made by the Rector of Architectural Research Institute at the official letter Ref. 481/VNCKT-TC dated 24 September 2004 and the Head of Science - Technology Department

DECIDES

Article 1: To issue along with this Decision 01 Vietnam Construction Standard tilted TCXDVN 323 : 2004 "High-rise Apartment Buildings – Design Standards"

Article 2: This Decision will take effect after 15 days from the day it is published on the Official Gazette

Article 3: The Chief of Ministry Secretariat, Head of Science- Technology Department, Rector of Architectural Research Institute and Heads of relevant units shall be responsible for the implementation of this Decision./.

VIETNAM CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS

TCXDVN 323: 2004

HIGH-RISE APARTMENT BUILDING- DESIGN STANDARD

PREAMBLE

TCXDVN 323: 2004- “High-rise building- Design standards” stipulating design technical requirements for high-rise apartment buildings, issued by the Ministry of Construction along with Decision No26/2004/QD-BXD dated 2nd November 2004.

1. Scope of Effect

This Standard is applied for the design of apartment building with height from 9 to 40 floors.

Note: When designing for buildings with less than 9 floors and dormitories, this Standard can be used as references.

2. Relevant documents

Vietnam Construction Regulations

TCVN 2737-1995- Loads and Effects- Design Standards

TCVN 6160-1996- Fire fighting and protection for High-rise Building – Design Requirements

TCVN 5760-1993- Fire-fighting system – General requirements for design, installation and utilization

TCVN 5738: 2001- Fire alarm system- Technical requirements

TCVN 5687-1992- Ventilation, air regulating and heating systems- Design standards. TCVN 4474-1987- Internal water drainage system- Design standards.

TCVN 4513-1988- Internal water supply system- Design standards.

TCVN 4605-1988- Heat techniques- Protection structure- Design standards. TCVN 5744-1993- Lifts-Safety requirements for installation and utilization. TCXD 16-1986- Artificial lighting in civil works

TCXD 29-1991- Natural lighting in civil works

TCXD 25-1991- Installation of electric cables in houses and public buildings-Design standards.

TCXD 27-1991- Installation of electric equipment in houses and public buildings-Design standards.

TCXD 198-1997- High-rise buildings- Design for block reinforcement concrete structure.

TCXDVN 266-2002. Houses and buildings- Guidelines on construction to ensure access for disabled people..

3. Interpretation

3.1. Construction density means the ratio of the construction area over the land area (%):

Trong đó diện tích xây dựng công trình được tính theo hình chiếu mặt bằng mái công trình.

of which the construction area is calculated according to the projection of the roof surface

3.2. Land-using coefficient: the ratio of total work floor area over land area.

of which the total construction area is excluding the floor area of basement and roof.

4. General regulations

4.1.Design for high-rise buildings shall ensure safety, durability, appropriateness, aestheticism, being suitable with climate condition, natural conditions and using demand of the community.

4.2. Design for high-rise buildings should be diversified in size and in accord with development trend of the society, convenient for the work utilization and management.

4.3. Design for high-rise buildings shall ensure security, noise-proofing, view and environment hygiene as well as maintaining independent, self-contained, convenient and safe-for-use features.

4.4. High-rise buildings shall ensure users can make use of fixtures, equipment and service systems such as air conditioners, gas supply, TV cables, telephone system, telecommunications, garbage collection, etc.

4.5. Design for high-rise buildings shall consider the impact of earthquake and storms as stipulated in current regulations

4.5.1. Select a design solution appropriate to the specific conditions of the project. Solid reinforcement concrete structure should be used. The strength resistant system of a high-rise building shall be clear and coherent.

4.5.2. Select a solution for surface and shape organization to ensure the work stiffness.

4.6. Design for high-rise buildings shall ensure stabilization and durability with deformity within allowed limit.

4.7. The arrangement of settlement gap, expansion gap shall conform to the requirements of current standards.

4.8. The structure of enclosure wall shall ensure safety, water-proofing, heat-proofing and noise protection.

5. Requirements for master plan in the new urban development area

5.1. The land to be used for construction of high-rise buildings shall meet the following basic principles:

a) Being suitable with the approved master plan;

b) Having uniform service infrastructure systems, satisfying requirements for present and future development.

c) Ensuring fire and explosion protection, being convenient for fire fighting and ensuring environmental hygiene.

Note: High-rise buildings shall only be constructed alternately in old city areas once infrastructure service systems for the work such as power supply, water supply, water drainage, communication systems and connection to the infrastructure facilities of the urban area are ensured.

5.2. Subject to requirements for construction planning, urban landscaping architecture, high- rise buildings shall be designed according to the limited height stipulated for each area by the urban planning department.

5.3. It is required to ensure a construction density not exceeding 40% and land-using coefficient not exceeding 5,0 when designing high-rise buildings in new urban areas

Note:

1) The above-mentioned regulation is applied for high-rise apartment buildings including various functional spaces as stated in Article 5.4.

2) The construction density as above-stated should take into account the construction area of other works in urban zone such as low-rise buildings, public facilities, etc.

3) For high-rise buildings to be built in a land located in the old urban areas, construction density and land-using coefficient will be considered based on the specific conditions of such land and subject to the authorities’ approvals

5.4. The functional spaces in a new urban area shall comprise:

- Functional space for dwelling;

- Functional space for culture and education;

- Functional space for services, trading;

- Functional space for relaxation, entertainment;

- Functional space for static and dynamic traffic;

- Functional space for administration & management of the dwelling area;

- Functional space for working.

- Infrastructure service systems.

5.5. The layout of a high-rise building shall ensure to meet the requirements for fire fighting and protection, lighting, ventilation, noise protection, hygienic spacing and appropriate for the following conditions:

a) Well solving the relationship between current construction and planned future development, between permanent works and temporary works.

b) Taking full advantage of natural ventilation, making it cool in summer, limiting cold winds in winter and avoiding to create wind-pressure zones;

c) Making favorable conditions for synchronously designing infrastructure systems such as power supply, water supply, water drainage, technical equipment installation, communications, gas supply, traffic, yards, gates and fence walls.

5.6. The domestic water drainage system and storm water drainage system shall be separately designed. If the water drainage system is not connected to the urban common drainage system, it shall be properly treated prior to discharging to the urban water drainage area.

5.7. Subject to the planning for architectural space, height of the project and road width, the minimum setback of a high-rise building shall not be less than 6m. .

5.8. The distance between the opposite fronts of two independent high-rise buildings shall ensure ventilation, natural lighting, safety on fire conditions and shall not be less than 25m (see Figure1).

a) Two parallel buildings  b) Two alternate buildings

c) Two perpendicular buildings d) Two gabled buildings

L- Distance between two opposite fronts

Figure 1. Minimum distance between two buildings

5.9. In order to ensure a safety distance for fire protection in high-rise buildings, roads reserved for fire-engine shall have a width clearance not less than 3,5m and clearance height not less than 4,25m. At the end of a cul-de-sac there shall be a clear space for vehicle turning. The dimension of such turning area shall not be less than 15m x 15m.

5.10. When designing for the construction of a high-rise building, parking area shall be considered. The parking area can be located either inside or outside the work. Its area is calculated as follows:

- Car-park: one parking area for from 4 to 6 families with standardized area of 25m2/car;

- Motorbike-park: to take as an average of 2 motorcycles/family with standardized area from 2,5m2/motorcycle to 3,0m2/motorcycle and 1 bicycle/family with standardized area of 0,9m2/bicycle.

6. Content and solution of project design

6.1. When designing high-rise building, it is required to take into consideration the work activities, using objects, psychological factor, eco-social condition, natural weather condition and future high-rise building development tendency to define apartment framework and to select appropriate design solution.

6.2. Functional space categories in high-rise buildings:

- Functional space for reception: main hall to the building, floor hall, multi-purposed room (room used for collective activities, meeting, etc.);

- Functional space for public services: home-appliance repair service, common parking area and other public, cultural services, etc.

- Functional space for administrative management: rooms for administrative management and technical management of the building.

- Functional space for dwelling: apartments;

- Functional space for communicating: staircase, corridor, lift, etc.

- Technical space: room for electrical equipment, water supply equipment, garbage collection, etc.

6.2.1. Functional space for common meeting area in high-rise buildings

6.2.1.1. The main hall to a high-rise building shall be easily recognized. The hall is required to be arranged with some public functions such as reception room, security guards, waiting room, individual mail-box, etc.

6.2.1.2. In a high-rise building, it is required to arrange a multi-purpose room for the building. This room shall be located in the first floor, combined with the hall or may be arranged in the roof floor or in the public service floor, to be used for the purposes of meetings, collective activities of the organizations, groups, clubs or served for sports, culture demands of the community dwelling in the building.

The standardized area to be calculated is from 0,8m2/ seat to 1,0m2/ seat with total area not less than 36m2.

6.2.1.3. The floor hall should have a minimum area of 9m2 and be lighted to be suitable for daily communication activities.

6.2.2. Functional space for public service in high-rise buildings

6.2.2.1. The functional spaces for public service in high-rise buildings can be designed either in concentrated or diversified manner to the building floors.

6.2.2.2. The organization of public service in a high-rise building shall comply with the unit and be concerned with the public service capability in urban area.

6.2.2.3. To ensure safety and environmental hygiene, it is required not to position shops of construction materials, chemicals, commodities which may cause environmental pollution, materials which may cause fire or explosion, public canteen with kitchen, public bathrooms, laundries, public toilets, etc. in a high-rise building.

6.2.3. Functional space for administrative and technical management in high-rise buildings

6.2.3.1. In a high-rise building, it is required to position rooms for building management staff, car-watching staff, security guards and technical service staff.

6.2.3.2. Subject to specific conditions, the above-mentioned spaces shall be located in the basement or the first floor of the building. Working area is calculated on the basis of from 5m2/person to 6m2/person.

There shall be one technical room in each floor.

6.2.4. Functional space for an apartment

6.2.4.1. The functional spaces of an apartment in a high-rise building shall consist of:

Apartment hall

Living room

Working, studying area

Ancestor altar area

Bedrooms

Dining room

Kitchen

Toilets

Clothes washing/drying area

Balcony or loggia

Storage room.

6.2.4.2. Subject to using purpose, the above-stated spaces can be arranged in combination as follows:

- Apartment hall: directly used as living room, combined to be used as hat, cloth, shoe placing area...

- Living room: can be opened to kitchen, dining room and balcony or loggia.

- Working. studying area: can be combined to be used as bed rooms;

- Dining room: can be combined/connected to living room;

- Kitchen-combined with dining room: with direct access, close to balcony or loggia, fixed with technical systems (water supply/drainage, gas supply, etc.

- Toilet: either for commonly used or along with bedroom.

- Clothes washing/drying area: to be located in the common toilet.

- Balcony or loggia: to be designed in combination with living room and bed room. The balcony or loggia can be used as an area to place pot-plants or dry clothes.

- Storehouse: can be combined with wardrobe space in the bedroom, ceiling-adjacent space or in the niches. .

- Ancestor alter place: can be located in the living room or combined with working space or in individual room.

(Figure 2 illustrates a typical unit and plan of a typical apartment).

6.2.4.3. The apartment room arrangement shall ensure to meet following requirements:

- Being reasonable in using line, ensuring independence, closing, creating harmonious architectural space;

- Being flexible in conversion. Able to be used reasonably, safely, not destroying the work structure and durability; Having a wide and airy space with open layout to increase the effect of the apartment architectural space.

- Ensuring hygienic requirements and microclimate conditions for the apartment.

6.2.4.4. To ensure users’safety and conveniences, the partition walls between the apartments shall be made of kinds of materials which are durable and sound-proof.

6.2.4.5. From Floor 6 upwards, it is required not to design for balcony (loggia is allowed). Loggia balustrade (handrail) foot shall not be open type. Height of loggia handrail shall not be less than 1,2m.

6.2.4.6. For apartments reserved for the disabled, it is required to refer to the “Houses and Buildings- Guidelines on the construction of buildings which ensure accessibility for use of disabled people”.

6.2.4.7. The reasonable number of apartments in a floor of high-rise building unit should be from 4 to 6, located around a traffic knot of lift or staircase.

6.2.4.8. The minimum number of rooms in an apartment shall not be less than 2.

6.2.4.9. The apartment area should not be less than 50m2 .

6.2.4.10. The apartments in a high-rise building are classified into 3 categories: small (A), average (B) and large (C). The ratio of small, average and large apartment number shall be 1::

2: 1.

For area and convenience rate of apartment types please refer to Table 1.

6.2.4.11. The minimum using area of some basic parts in an apartment are stated as follows:

- Apartment hall: 3m²;

- Living room: 14m²;

- Double bedroom: 12m²;

- Single bedroom: 10m²

- Toilet with bath-tub: 5m²; with shower: 3m²

- Kitchen: 5m²;

- Kitchen combined with dining room: 12m²

6.2.4.12. Clearance height of the rooms shall neither be less than 3m nor larger than 3,6m.

Note: Clearance height means the height from floor surface to the lower side of the ceiling.

6.2.4.13. Kitchen, toilet can be designed lower but not smaller than 2,4m.

TABLE 1. CATEGORIES OF APARTMENT AND CONVENIENCE RATE

Note:

1) Number of rooms calculated consist of living room, working room, study room, entertainment room and bed room.

2) The apartment which are categorized as average, fair, high convenience rate are subject to following conditions:

- Interior finishing materials and quality of the apartment;

- Kitchen and toilet equipment;

- Living area standard (room size and structure);

- Landscape view of apartment rooms

6.2.5. Functional space for movement in a high-rise building

The vertical movement in a high-rise building shall consist of staircases and lifts.

6.2.5.1. Staircase

6.2.5.1.1. Staircase shall be designed and located in such a manner that meets using demand and ensures safety for people escaping. Number of staircases of a unit in high-rise building shall not be less than 2, in which there must be a direct staircase connected to Floor 1 and another going to the roof floor.

Note: In case there is a staircase bordering outside, only one staircase is required.

6.2.5.1.2. The clearance width of staircase, in addition to meeting the requirements for fire protection standards, shall also be based on using features of the building. The stair width of a staircase used for people to escape in emergency shall be designed not less than 1,2m.

6.2.5.1.3. The height of stair section shall not be more than 1,8m and landing shall be positioned. The width of landing shall be either larger than or equal to the stair width.

6.2.5.1.4. Handrails shall be designed at least on one side of a staircase. The height of stair handrail measured from stair edge shall not be less than 0,9m.

6.2.5.1.5. Stair riser width shall not be larger than 150mm, while tread width shall not be smaller than 300mm.

6.2.5.1.6. It is allowed to position in a stair garbage-collecting chamber door, electric panel, mail box, etc. for each floor.

6.2.5.1.7. The distance measured from apartment door to the staircase or to the building exit shall not be larger than 25m

6.2.5.1.8. When designing stairs in a high-rise building, attention should be paid to the requirement for smoke exhausting once event occurs.

6.2.5.1.9. Corridor, buffer room, hall shall be installed with ventilation system and automatically-opened smoke exhausting valve once fire occurs.

6.2.5.2.Lift

6.2.5.2.1. Design for high-rise building shall include lifts. Number of lift shall be appropriate with using demand, but shall not be less than 2, of which there shall be one specialized lift.

6.2.5.2.2. Lift design and selection for a high-rise building shall be based on:

- Number of floors and height of floors;

- Number of apartment in the building;

- Maximum number of people requiring transportation during peak times;

- Requirements for service quality;

- Other technical requirements.

6.2.5.2.3. Lift loading capacity shall be from 420 kg to 630kg. The speed of lift located in a high-rise building shall not be less than 1,5m/s.

Note:

1). It is required to position a lift with cabin dimension of 2.200mm x 2.400mm to transport furnishings or even stretcher in emergency cases

2). In case there are special requirements, number of lifts, lift loading capacity and velocity shall be fixed by designer.

6.2.5.2.4. In addition to defining lift technical parameters, it is also required to consider a design solution for stairwell, equipment and machinery storing chamber, economic factors and lift-occupying space.

6.2.5.2.5. Lift shall be located near the building entrance. Lift cabin shall be installed with handrail and control board for the use of the disabled.

Note:

Design requirements for the disabled to get access and use shall conform to the regulations stipulated in the Standards “Houses and buildings – Guidelines on building construction to ensure the disabled’ s use and accessibility”

6.2.5.2.6. Once an event occurs, lift shall be able to automatically move to the closest floor and automatically open its door.

6.2.5.2.7. The compartment storing lift machine and equipment shall not be directly located in a room but in lift well only. The lift-well shall not be located next to a room and protection measures against noise and vibration shall be taken.

6.2.5.2.8. Water tank shall not be directly located on the lift-well. No water, heat or gas supply pipe is allowed to pass through a lift well.

6.2.5.2.9. Lift well shall be ensured for air ventilation, moisture-proofing, noise proofing and against decompression.

6.2.5.2.10. Lift door shall not be bordered with staircase to avoid the possible blocking of people in emergency cases.

6.2.5.2.11. Lift shall not be used as an emergency exit for people.

6.2.5.2.12. Lift installation and utilization shall conform to the regulations stated in the Standard of “Lift. Safety requirements in installation and utilization”.

6.2.6. Technical space

6.2.6.1. The technical space in a high-rise building shall be located in the basement or service floor of the building.

Note: When using the basement as service floor, it is required to take effective measures for water drainage and water proofing.

6.2.6.2. The clearance height of the service floor shall be defined for each specific case, subject to type of equipment and system arranged in the service floor, taking into account operation and utilization conditions

6.2.6.3. It is required to position ventilation opening for the service floor with total area of the opening not less than 1/400 of the service floor area and it shall be equally distributed on the external wall perimeter. The surface area of each opening shall be at least 0,05m2.

6.2.6.4. In the service floor, fire-resistant doors shall be made of fire-proofing materials as stipulated in current regulations on fire protection and fighting for houses and buildings.

6.2.7. Basement

6.2.7.1. The basement can be used as service floor, vehicle-parking area, electrical panel location and building water pump location.

Note: When designing building basement, it is required to consider also the civil defense workability in necessary cases.

6.2.7.2. The height of basement shall not be less than 2,2m. For spaces to be used for public activities such as meeting, community activities, etc. designed height shall be subject to using demand.

6.2.7.3. It is required to design a lift going down to the building basement.

6.2.7.4. Exits from the basement shall not be connected to the building corridors but be designed going out directly. Number of exits shall not be less than 2, with a dimension not less than 0,9m x 1,2m.

6.2.7.5. Waterproofing and ventilation measures for the basement shall be taken.

6.2.8. Roof

6.2.8.1. The roof of a high-rise building shall ensure heat protection and waterproofing functions. It is required to select roof materials and structure conforming to the requirements for heat-proofing, humidity proofing and water drainage.

6.2.8.2. On the roof of a high-rise building, it is possible to install water tank, suction openings, air discharging openings, central control (if any), lifts, and specialized equipment, etc.

6.2.8.3. The system of framework serving for the repair and maintenance of the building external surfaces during operation shall be firmly anchored to the building roof supporting structure.

6.2.8.4. On the roof there shall be rainwater-collecting system through gutter which conducts water through the risers to the external water drainage system.

6.2.8.5. Protection measures against dew stagnant, water proofing and moisture proofing for the roof heat-insulation layer shall be taken.

6.2.8.6. The heat-insulating air at the top floor shall have sufficient height so as not to block the air ventilation

6.2.9. Window

6.2.9.1. The window of a high-rise building shall be designed in styles of sash window, vertical sliding window, horizontal sliding window or combined window. Window technical specifications are stipulated in current standards for wooden and metal windows.

6.2.9.2. Windows shall be ensured for mechanical durability, wind pressure durability, water proofing durability and air clearance. The materials used to make buffer joints and adhesive substances between glass and frame, wing frame and window frame shall meet requirements for elasticity, adhesiveness and water proofing.

6.2.9.3. Window sill shall ensure water drainage. The drainage opening shall not be smaller than 5mm2. Details for rainwater wiper at the lower bar of window frame are required.

6.2.9.4. When installing window, water stagnancy among the assembled items shall be avoided. The assembled corners shall be firmly jointed and smoothened. Glass-placing hems shall be able to be assembled and dismantled easily.

6.2.9.5. Glass to be used for external wall windows of a high-rise building shall be types of safe glass, steel mesh glass which can reduce sun radiation and meet the requirements of current standards for safe glass

6.2.10. Building floor and foundation

6.2.10.1. The floor surface of the rooms shall ensure not to be slippery, having no splits, no abrasion, being easy to clean and moisture proofing

6.2.10.2. The building floor shall ensure not to vibrate and be sound-proofing during using period. Poisonous materials or additives shall not be used as floor-plastering materials.

6.2.10.3. Protection measures against wall foot moisture and bending, cracking or breaking plastered layers shall be applied.

6.2.11. Air ventilating pipes and garbage dispose pipes

6.2.11.1. Air-ducts and natural air ventilation piping systems in a high-rise building shall conform to the following regulations :

a) Air ducts and air ventilation pipes shall be made of non-flammable materials; Brittle or fragile ducts/pipes shall not be used.

b) Cross section, shape, dimension and internal side of air-ducts and air ventilation ducts shall be convenient for air exhausting, not to cause obstruction, blockage, smoke leakage and back-discharging;

c) Total area of ventilation duct cross section shall be defined on the basis of the required air quantity to avoid pressure discrepancy phenomenon between the air discharging risers and atmosphere pressure;

d) Air-ducts and air ventilation pipes shall be kept separate;

e) Air-ducts and air ventilation pipes shall be placed over the roof. The protruding height shall not be less than 0,7m. They shall be located ≥ 3m away from window or air- suction opening horizontally. On the top of pipes, measures against back-exhausting shall be taken.

6.2.11.2. Depending on specific conditions, in a high-rise building it is possible to collect garbage from the disposal place at every floor or to position a garbage disposing tube.

If garbage is collected in place, then the garbage collecting location of each floor shall be positioned at the hidden corner near staircase or lift; Measures against bad smell spreading into the apartments shall be applied.

If garbage disposing tube solution is chosen, the distance from apartment door to the nearest garbage disposal tube shall not be over 25m.

6.2.11.3. The garbage collecting opening of the garbage disposal tube at each floor shall have tightly-sealed lid for soundproofing and to prevent bad odor, cockroach, insects from coming into the apartments.

6.2.11.4 . The garbage-disposing tube shall be positioned against the external wall, in vertical position and made of non-flammable materials with interior surface being smooth, non-sticking, non-leaked and having no protruding objects. To reduce noise and avoid fire risks during operation, the garbage disposing tube should be designed in cylinder shape with a diameter not less than 0,5m and equipped with tube cleaning equipment.

6.2.11.5. At the end of garbage disposing tube there shall be an air-exhausting pipe protruding some 0.7m on the roof. Its cross section shall not be less than 0,05m2, and there shall be cover placed on the tube end to protect it from the rain and net to protect it from mice or insects.

6.2.11.6. The garbage collecting chamber shall be located right under the garbage disposing tube at the first floor. Clearance height of the garbage collecting chamber shall be at least 2,5m.

6.2.11.7. The garbage collecting chamber shall have a separate entrance and door opening outside. The garbage chamber door shall be insulated from the building entrance by a solid wall and separated by a fireproofing wall

6.2.11.8. The garbage chamber door shall ensure a hygienic insulation distance. Methods for collecting and transporting garbage shall comply with the city’s garbage management methodology. It is also required to build a manhole to collect water flowing from the garbage chamber to discharge into the waste water drainage system or to position a local water drainage pump.

6.3. Solution of horizontal surface and vertical surface combination in a high-rise building

6.3.1. Plan for high-rise building surface shall be appropriate to using demand, ensuring natural air ventilation and lighting requirements, and also requiring a reasonable supporting diagram, facilitating service systems such as vertical traffic knots (lift, staircase), positioning toilets, kitchens, water supply and drainage pipes, lighting system, telephone cables, television cables, telecommunication cables, fire-fighting water supply pipeline, garbage disposing tube, gas supply pipeline, etc.

6.3.2. The architectural items on the vertical front of a high-rise building shall be made of materials with high durability, anti-musty, ensuring the functions of shielding, air ventilating, sun-shading and rainwater-proofing

6.3.3. It is recommended to select the solution of simple vertical surface with color in harmony with the master plan, avoiding the use of unnecessary decorative details.

7. Requirements for water supply/drainage

7.1. In a high-rise building, it is required to design domestic water supply system and fire-fighting water supply system as stipulated in current standards.

7.2. Subject to convenience grade, maximum standard for daily water using shall be from 200l /person/day to 300l/person/day. Standard for fire-fighting water supply shall be 2,5l/second/hydrant, while number of hydrants inside a building shall be 2.

7.3. It is necessary to absolutely take advantage of the pressure of the external water supply pipeline. Once pressure is insufficient, it is required to design water supply localizing system to ensure water flow and pressure. The working water pressure of cleaning device in the domestic water supply system shall not be over 60m. The frequent free pressure of the internal fire-fighting water hydrants shall ensure a water column height not lower than 6m.

Note: For the area where water pressure is not sufficient to supply water for the fire-fighting hydrants in the building, it is necessary to install a pump to increase pressure with remote controller to be located at the hydrants.

7.4. It is required to ensure continuous water supply for water using demand in a high-rise building.

7.5. In the case water pressure and water flow are not sufficient, it is required to position water reservoir, pump or other pressure-increasing equipment.

7.6. The distribution network of the internal water supply pipework in a high-rise building shall be placed in the basement or service floor but not be shared with air duct and air ventilation pipes.

7.7. It is necessary to take measures against noise produced by hydraulic collision of water supply/drainage equipment such as pressure-reducing valve, water tap, pump, etc.

7.8. In order to reduce water pressure and to avoid wasting water, on the inlet pipes or on the branch pipes conducting water to the water-taking point at each floor, it is required to place the following equipment:

- When flow is unchanged, washer (a plate punched with holes) shall be placed;

- When flow is changed, pressure-adjusting equipment shall be placed.

7.9. The pressure vessel or water tank shall be placed on the roof of a high-rise building to ensure the reserved water volume and to adjust the non-regulatory water system and to supply water for fire-fighting in 10-minute period. It is required a separate distribution pipe to ensure that the fire-fighting water volume is not used for other purposes.

Note: In all cases, the pressure vessel capacity shall not be over 25 m3. Exceeding this limit, it shall be divided into smaller portions to serve for a fixed water supply area.

7.10. The standard for waste water shall be taken from water supply standards and be designed according to self-flowing system. If it is impossible to self-flow to the external drainage system, a water drainage pumping station shall be designed. Design for internal water drainage system is required to conform to current standards.

7.11. For domestic wastewater drainage system, soil water and bath water are required to keep separate.

7.12. It is required to design for rainwater drainage system on the roof and rainwater drainage system in the basement. The basement rainwater drainage system shall operate by collecting water from the manholes, then an automatic pump shall be used to pump water into the drainage system.

7.13. To position a rainwater collecting funnel on the roof, it is required to calculate on the basis of roof surface, water collecting area allowed for a funnel and roof structure.

8. Design requirements for air ventilation and conditioning

8.1. The air ventilation and conditioning systems in a high-rise building shall be designed in accordance with the regulations of current standards.

8.2. It is allowed to design central air conditioning system for public service spaces in a high- rise building. The central air conditioning system can be either an independent or dependent unit located where appropriate to the length of air-conducting pipeline which should not be over 60m.

8.3. For residential apartments, it is recommended to design local air conditioning system. Spaces for installing air conditioning equipment and water-collecting pipes from air conditioner shall be reserved in order not to affect the building front architecture and environmental hygiene.

8.4. When designing air ventilation and conditioning systems in a high-rise building, it is required to meet the standards of room convenience and climate limits.

8.5. When designing air ventilation and conditioning systems, it is required to have reasonable technological, architectural and structural solutions in order to meet hygienic, technical, economical requirements.

8.6. To ensure natural air ventilation, it is required to create room-passing air by air-receiving and air-discharging doors (openings?)

8.7. It is required to take measures for heat protection and sun shading in compliance with current regulations.

8.8. The air conduct pipe of the air ventilating and regulating system shall be vertically positioned to discharge and supply air. These vertical pipes shall be assembled with air branch pipes for every floor, using either mechanical or natural pushing force

The floor branch pipes shall be connected to the vertical pipes located close to the ceiling of the upper floor or lower floor against the floor having branch pipes.

For buildings with height from 10 floors or more, on the air-suction branch pipe of the 2 top floors, at the inlet point connected to the horizontal pipe an automatic check valve shall be installed.

9. Design requirements for lighting system, lightning protection system and communication system

9.1. Lighting system design for high-rise building shall conform to current lighting regulations. Natural lighting should be absolutely taken advantage of. Natural lighting can be lateral lighting, atop lighting or combined lighting.

Note: In case the natural lighting is not sufficient, artificial lighting is required for working, illuminating once event occurs, evacuating people and for security purpose.

9.2. The architectural solutions applied for sun-shading shall not cause any effect to natural lighting.

9.3. The electric distribution panel which provides lighting in a high-rise building shall be located in the technical room. The electric panels shall be located in every floor to supply power for the apartments and to facilitate the management, utilization, repair as well as ensuring beauty.

9.4. The power supply from floor electric panels to every individual apartment electric panel shall be made through electrical cables or wires which are located along the corridors and embedded in the walls. In case the electric wires and cables are clamped in exposure, they are required to pass through fireproof plastic tube or steel tube.

9.5. The lighting system shall be protected with Circuit Breakers. All control switches and plugs shall be installed at a height of 1,20m.

9.6. At the corridors, staircases, floor halls, it is required to install emergency lighting system and people-evacuating lighting system.

9.7. The electric cable network shall be designed independently to other systems and shall ensure to facilitate repair, replacement when necessary. Rules for installing electric wire/cable and electric equipment shall be taken from the Standards for electric cables and equipment installation for houses and public buildings.

9.8. When designing high-rise building, special attention shall be taken to lightning protection solutions to avoid the possibility of being directly struck by lightning, protecting the building from electrostatic induction, electromagnetic induction and lightning high voltage which transmit along the low voltage electric cable network of the building. It is recommended to use advanced lightning protection system, ensuring architectural aesthetic, waterproofing and roof-leakage proofing.

9.9. The selection of lightning protection solution shall be calculated as required in the current lightning protection standards.

9.10. In a high-rise building, it is required to design the systems of communication, PA and television uniformly. In necessary cases, remote control system for technical equipment shall be provided.

9.11. Designing and installing communication system, radio and television systems shall conform to the related specialized standards. The cable dividing panel shall be located in the technical rooms which are built on platforms with height of 0,5m. Cables shall then be puled up to the connection boxes located in every floor. Such cable connection boxes shall be placed at a height over 1,5m.

9.12. In the apartments, the telephone plugs embedded in the wall shall be located at a height of 0,5m subject to interior architecture. The telephone network shall be designed according to concept diagram of ray-shaped network

9.13. All conduct wires shall be embedded in the walls and pulled out to wire-connection boxes located in every floor. From these boxes, wires/cables shall be pulled down to cable dividing panel located in Floor 1 to be connected the city system.

9.14. It is allowed to locate antenna masts receiving radio and television waves on the building roof. In necessary cases, it is permitted to install television wave receiving equipment on the top floor. The television network system from distribution panel to the apartments shall be closed. Lightning protection solution shall be applied for television wave receiving poles.

9.15. To ensure security for the whole building, code locking system should be located at the main hall entrance.

9.16. The concentrated gas supply system shall conform to the specialized regulations concerned.

10. Design requirements for fire fighting and protection (the regulations stated herein are compulsory)

10.1. When designing for fire fighting and protection system of a high-rise building, it is required to comply with the current regulations concerned.

10.2. Access roads, fire-fighting water supply system and fire alarm system shall be organized in high-rise building area.

10.3. A high-rise building shall be designed with Fire-Grade 1. Minimum fire resistant limit of the construction materials and components are stipulated in the current regulations of fire fighting and protection for houses and buildings.

10.4. In a high-rise building, it is required to divide into fire-proof areas or sections. A fireproof area is a buffering space which divides the building according to the width (length) and height of the building.

10.5. Fire-fighting and protection safety distance from apartment door to the nearest exit in a building shall be ensured. Such distance shall not be larger than 25m.

10.6. The location of vehicle-parking area in a high-rise building shall ensure to meet requirements for fire-proofing and emergency exit for people once an event occurs.

10.7. Emergency stairs shall be designed adjoining outside.

10.8. An emergency exit shall be considered as safe once meeting one of following requirements:

- Going from Floor 1 apartments directly outside or though front hall outside;

- Going from an apartment at any floor (except Floor 1) to a corridor with an exit.

10.9. Emergency staircase and corridor shall ensure the following requirements:

- Having pressurized ventilator and not being smoke-agglomerated in the staircase.

- Having emergency lighting system.

10.10. In a high-rise building, fire-alarm system should be installed. It is subject to convenience rate and using demand that an appropriate fire-alarm system will be chosen.

10.11. The automatic fire alarm system shall be located in the center of the building, consisting of central fire alarm panel, location signal board, smoke detector, heat detector and emergency fire alarm. Besides, there shall be sonic fire-alarm equipment and equipment to contact with fire brigade. Technical requirements for fire-alarm system installation shall conform to current regulations.

10.12. Smoke detector, heat detector shall be installed in vehicle-parking area, other public areas, electric control rooms, lift operation control room.

10.13. Alarming equipment such as P.A., alarm siren and emergency button shall be installed in all places where can be seen easily, operated easily and are easy to transfer alarm signals and to inform fire locations.

10.14. Fire-hose boxes shall be located in every floor at staircase landings and shall ensure to supply water for fire-fighting once fire occurs.

10.15. Fire hydrants shall be located outside a high-rise building. This hydrant is installed to connect the internal fire-fighting pipework system to the external fire-fighting water supply source.

10.16. In a high-rise building, ventilation and smoke exhausting systems shall be installed in corridor and staircase. The system components shall be made of fire-resistant materials.

10.17. Ventilation or air-blowing system in a staircase shall ensure safety for the equipment concerned and window opening/closing.

10.18. To meet people-escaping requirement, solution to prevent smoke in lift or staircase from coming into floors and vice versa shall be taken.

10.19. In the lift well, it is required to ensure exterior air supply to be supplied from a separate system to the upper part of the lift well once fire takes place.

10.20. Ventilation and smoke exhausting equipment shall be located in separate and fireproof ventilation box. Fire-box and control panel shall be located in every floor.